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EGD, endoscopy, Colonoscopy prep.

EGD:  8hr = clear liquid diet(technically up to 2 hour, but preferred 4 hours prior to procedure)  4hr = medication with water  2hr = strict npo(nothing) Colonoscopy  8hr = no food at all but water is ok.  2hr = no liquid neither   Patients typically take no food by mouth for four to eight hours prior to the procedure (sometimes longer if there is known or suspected delayed gastric emptying) and no liquids (other than sips with medications) for two hours   Enteroscopy   Patients should fast after midnight the evening prior to the examination to allow time for food residue to clear the small bowel. In addition, patients undergoing retrograde examinations should receive a bowel preparation to cleanse the colon. cf) ASA- sedation protocol(procedure)     The American Society for Anesthesiology (ASA) guidelines state that prior to a procedure, patients should fast a minimum of two hours following clear liquid ingestion or six hours for a light meal
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[CK] Hyperkalemia preset. EKG

Hyperkalemic emergency − Patients who have clinical signs or symptoms of hyperkalemia (eg, muscle weakness or paralysis, cardiac conduction abnormalities, cardiac arrhythmias), patients with severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium >6.5  mEq/L),  and patients with moderate hyperkalemia (serum potassium >5.5  mEq/L)  plus significant renal impairment and ongoing tissue breakdown or potassium absorption) have a hyperkalemic emergency. • Patients needing prompt therapy − Some patients with moderate hyperkalemia but without a hyperkalemic emergency should, nonetheless, have their potassium lowered promptly (ie, within 6 to 12 hours) . Such patients include hemodialysis patients who present outside of regular dialysis hours, patients with marginal renal function  and/or  marginal urine output, or hyperkalemic patients who need to be optimized for surgery. • Patients who can have the potassium lowered slowly − Most patients with hyperkalemia have chronic, mild (≤5.5  mEq/L)  o
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[CK] Preventing aspiration.

960 × 720 저작권 보호를 받는 이미지일 수 있습니다.    자세히 알아보기 https://www.google.com/search?q=position+to+prevent+aspiration&rlz=1C1GCEV_enUS820US820&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZ8NbnkoDfAhUs4YMKHZhrBM8Q_AUICSgA&biw=1177&bih=859&dpr=1 HOB 30-45 degree. => resting turn head to Rt. side. or lateral position => for seizing or unconsciousness. 
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[CK] CVD familiar history. [ ] Former smoking?

stroke. You are considered to have a family history of  cardiovascular disease  if: your father or brother was under the age of 55 when they were diagnosed with  cardiovascular disease  or your mother or sister was under the age of 65 when they were diagnosed with  cardiovascular disease . If you have family history of  cardiovascular disease , make sure you tell your doctor or nurse. They may want to check your  blood pressure  and  cholesterol . If you are over 40 years of age, you can visit your doctor and ask for a heart health check to find out your risk of getting  cardiovascular disease .
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